Educational Journal : Literature Review (Reading Comprehention)

Assalamu'alaikum..

Hello my beloved readers, I hope today is full of happiness for you. Today I would like to continue my post, still about journal review: The Use of Story Map in Improving the Year Four Pupils’ Ability in Reading Comprehension . Well let's check this out and happy reading friends. 

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Literature Review

                  1. Theory of Learning

-     Constructivism Jean Piaget .

pupils' acquision was stimulated to connect the  reading comprehension text with their previous knowledge through the applied of map story . This is because pupils’ previous knowledge was needed in the process of knowledge construction based on Jean’s Piaget Constructivism Theory (Bhattacharjee, 2015). In this research the author also applied the scaffolding strategy.Scaffolding is a learning technique by providing instruction, guidance or encouragement for pupils. Providing instruction, guidance or encouragement will gradually be reduced, then pupils are given the responsibility or opportunity to learn independently according to what has been taught. It  was  a  teaching  strategy  which  was  initiated  by  Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory  in  1978.

-          Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

Samana (2013),  argue  that  scaffolding referred to the help that was provided by more capable person to less capable person through introducing  the  concept  of  zone  of  proximal  development. thus, the teacher's role is as a facilitator for students.

2. Story map

        Story  map  was  a  graphic  organizer  that  records  the  main  information  such   as   characters, setting, and   plot   of   narrative   texts   (Manoli   &   Papadopoulou,   2012).  With using story maps, the research conducted for the journal of The Use of Story Four Pupils' Map in Improving the Year 'Ability in Reading Comprehension focuses on two things, namely to increase pupils' comprehension and interest in reading and also as well as to improve teaching practice. Story maps are used as actions to help students understand narrative texts better by grouping important ideas on story maps.  When students were asked to answer questions, they often cannot identify the main ideas of the text. They don't know how to find answers and extract them from text. It is because pupils have a lack of interestand motivation in reading.  Even though reading comprehension is very important in improving students' English proficiency. Story map  also  helps  pupils  to  focus  on  the  story  structure  when  finding  for the  literary  elements  (Amer,  2012).  It  was  a  teaching  aid  which  helped  in  identifying  literary elements  and  recording  information  in  an  organized  manner  (Hannay,  2015).

3. Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Model

       Kurt Lewin (1946), proposed research, which consists of five steps as follows: observe, reflect, act, evaluate and modify. Fist, identified an initial idea by observing pupils’ behaviors and performance during the reading lesson. Reflect after observing to understand the pupils reading comprehension problems in the classroom, which is what causes pupils to read poorly and how to overcome them. Second, applied the story map according to plan before, in this case the researcher applies it for four weeks while collecting data. Third, evaluate the extent of the influence of story maps in improving pupils' reading comprehension through several methods such as pre-reading comprehension tests and post-reading comprehension tests, pupil’s work as well as reflective journals. And the last is do the modification after evaluation. The level of difficulty of the text that must be solved is not in accordance with the level of pupils and does not provide good results in pupils' reading comprehension.

           That's all of me about the literature review of the journals, I hope that my writing is useful for you all. But ... it hasn't finished until here, I will still share a lot about this journal. see you latter on my next post. Thank you .. (^_^)//